![]() ![]() This community resource has underpinned gene isolation 8, 9 and population genomic studies 10. Since 2012, both genetic research and crop improvement in barley have benefited from a partly ordered draft sequence assembly 7. Moreover, brewing beer may also have played a role in the eastward spread of the crop after its initial domestication in the Fertile Crescent 5, 6. In addition to indications that barley was an important food crop, recent excavations have fuelled speculation that beverages from fermented grains may have motivated early Neolithic hunter–gatherers to erect some of humankind’s oldest monuments 3, 4. We demonstrate the importance of the barley reference sequence for breeding by inspecting the genomic partitioning of sequence variation in modern elite germplasm, highlighting regions vulnerable to genetic erosion.īarley remains dated to the dawn of agriculture have been found at several archaeological sites 1, 2. Gene family analyses reveal lineage-specific duplications of genes involved in the transport of nutrients to developing seeds and the mobilization of carbohydrates in grains. The composition of genes and repetitive elements differs between distal and proximal regions. We use chromosome conformation capture mapping to derive the linear order of sequences across the pericentromeric space and to investigate the spatial organization of chromatin in the nucleus at megabase resolution. Here we present a high-quality reference genome assembly for barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Their large genomes are characterized by a high content of repetitive elements and large pericentromeric regions that are virtually devoid of meiotic recombination. Nature volume 544, pages 427–433 ( 2017) Cite this articleĬereal grasses of the Triticeae tribe have been the major food source in temperate regions since the dawn of agriculture. A chromosome conformation capture ordered sequence of the barley genome ![]()
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